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Preparing for LPI 010-160 Test
Preparing for an exam can be a tad bit difficult especially if you do not have the necessary resources at your disposal. While we have made a list of the topics you’d need to get acquainted with for this test, getting the right resources may be a problem for you. So, if you’re interested in getting the most reliable study guides from Amazon, here they go then:
- The LPI Linux Essentials Certification All-in-One Guide by Robb Tracy is an impressive study guide for 010-160. The comprehensive, easy to understand, classroom-based teaching method and a 100% unique covering of the topics required to nail the official exam makes this book an ideal one for IT specialists seeking to get their head around Linux. Surprisingly, its references and use of examples make this manual ideal for beginners. With expert discussions, sidebars, and highlighting key aspects, this study guide has become an ideal prep guide for everyone seeking to be certified by LPI.
- The Linux Essentials, 2nd Edition by Christine Bresnahan is a wonderful manual that will consolidate your knowledge before the official test. Available in paperback & Kindle formats, this guide will equip you with the relevant knowledge to become proficient in all the tested areas of exam 010-160. In addition, such a book contains practical tutorials and end-of-chapter exercises for candidates to apply the newly acquired skills. So, if you want to enter the test classroom with confidence, then referring yourself to this guide is a must!
- The Linux Essentials published by Jason Dion has been identified as an impressive LPI 010-160 exam guide that has been built to give you a time-compressed resource that guarantees you a pass on your first attempt. With the full coverage of all the test domains, you will easily clear the certification exam.
Also, keep in mind that one of the keys to success in any exam besides actually studying is practice. After studying for hours with the help of the study books mentioned above, a few practice sessions will help boost your knowledge as well as your confidence before the exam day.
NEW QUESTION # 33
What is the UID of the user root?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 34
What are the differences between hard disk drives and solid state disks? (Choose two.)
- A. Solid state disks can store many times as much data as hard disk drives.
- B. /dev/sdais a hard disk device while /dev/ssdais a solid state disk.
- C. Hard disks have a motor and moving parts, solid state disks do not.
- D. Hard disks can fail due to physical damage, while solid state disks cannot fail.
- E. Solid state disks provide faster access to stored data than hard disks.
Answer: C,E
NEW QUESTION # 35
What is true about links in a Linux file system?
- A. A symbolic link can only point to a file and not to a directory.
- B. When the target of the symbolic link is moved, the link is automatically updated.
- C. Only the root user can create hard links.
- D. A symbolic link can point to a file on another file system.
- E. A hard link can only point to a directory and never to a file.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 36
The current directory contains the following file:
-rw-r-r- 1 root exec 24551 Apr 2 12:36 test.sh
The file contains a validshell script, but executing this file using./test.shleads to this error:
bash: ./test.sh: Permission denied
What should be done in order to successfully execute the script?
- A. The file's extension should be changed from .shto.bin.
- B. The SetUID bit should be set in the file's permissions
- C. The script should be run using#!./test. shinstead of./test.sh.
- D. The execute bit should be set in the file's permissions.
- E. The user executing the script should be added to theexecgroup.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 37
What command displays manual pages? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
Answer:
Explanation:
man
Explanation:
The command that displays manual pages for Linux commands is the man command. The man command is used to display the manual pages for a given command or topic. For example, to view the manual page for the ls command, you can type:
man ls
This will open the manual page for the ls command in a pager, which allows you to scroll and search through the text. You can also specify the section number of the manual page if there are multiple pages with the same name. For example, to view the manual page for the passwd command in section 1, you can type:
man 1 passwd
The man command is one of the most useful and important commands for learning and using Linux. It provides detailed information about the syntax, options, arguments, examples, and other aspects of a command or topic. You can also use the --help option to get a brief summary of the usage and options of a command. For example, to get a quick help for the man command, you can type:
man --help
To learn more about the man command and how to use it effectively, you can refer to the following resources:
Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 103.1, Weight 2
Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 3, Page 51-52
How to Access Manual Pages for Linux Commands - Linux Tutorials - Learn Linux Configuration How to Easily Read a Linux Man Page - Make Tech Easier
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following directories contains information, documentation and example configuration files for installed software packages?
- A. /usr/examples/
- B. /var/info/
- C. /usr/share/doc/
- D. /etc/defaults/
- E. /doc/
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The /usr/share/doc/ directory is the standard location for documentation files for installed software packages on Linux systems12. It contains subdirectories for each package, which may include README files, manuals, license information, changelogs, examples, and other useful resources12. The
/usr/share/doc/ directory is part of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), which defines the structure and layout of files and directories on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems3.
The other options are incorrect because:
* /etc/defaults/ is a directory that contains settings for userland applications or services/daemons4.
* /var/info/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /var/ directory is used for variable data files, such as logs, caches, spools, and temporary files3.
* /doc/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The / directory is the root of the filesystem hierarchy and contains essential files and directories for booting, restoring, recovering, and/or repairing the system3.
* /usr/examples/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /usr/ directory is used for shareable, read-only data, such as binaries, libraries, documentation, and source code3.
References:
* Linux configuration: Understanding *.d directories in /etc | Enable Sysadmin
* Configuration Files in Linux | Baeldung on Linux
* Filesystem Hierarchy Standard - Wikipedia
* Which of the Following Directories Contains Information, Documentation ...
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following commands creates an archive file work.tar from the contents of the directory ./ work/?
- A. tar --new work.tar ./work/
- B. tar work > work.tar
- C. tar -cf work.tar ./work/
- D. tar work.tar < ./work/
- E. tar -create work.tgz -content ./work/
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct command to create an archive file work.tar from the contents of the directory ./work/ is tar -cf work.tar ./work/. This command uses the -c option to create a new archive, the -f option to specify the file name, and the ./work/ argument to indicate the source directory. The other commands are incorrect for various reasons:
A . tar --new work.tar ./work/ is incorrect because there is no --new option in the tar command. The correct option for creating a new archive is --create or -c.
C . tar -create work.tgz -content ./work/ is incorrect because the -content option is not valid. The correct option for specifying the source files or directories is --files-from or -T. Also, the work.tgz file name implies compression, but the command does not use any compression option such as -z, -j, or -J.
D . tar work.tar < ./work/ is incorrect because the tar command does not accept input redirection from the standard input. The correct way to use the tar command is to provide the options and arguments after the command name.
E . tar work > work.tar is incorrect because the tar command does not produce output redirection to the standard output. The correct way to use the tar command is to use the -f option to specify the output file name. Reference: : tar command in Linux with examples - GeeksforGeeks : tar Command in Linux With Examples | phoenixNAP KB
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which of the following directories contains information, documentation and example configuration files for
installed software packages?
- A. /usr/examples/
- B. /var/info/
- C. /usr/share/doc/
- D. /etc/defaults/
- E. /doc/
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 41
A directory contains the following files:
What would be the output of the following shell script?
for file in *.txt
*.txt
- A. b. txt
- B. a.txt
- C. c.cav
- D. a. txt
- E. a b
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 42
Which of the following commands output the content of the file Texts 2.txt? (Choose two.)
- A. cat -- Texts 2.txt
- B. cat 'Texts\ 2.txt'
- C. cat |Texts 2.txt|
- D. cat Texts\ 2.txt
- E. cat 'Texts 2.txt'
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct commands to output the content of the file Texts 2.txt are A and E. These commands use the cat command, which stands for concatenate, to display the content of one or more files. The cat command can take one or more filenames as arguments and print their content to the standard output (usually the terminal screen)12. The commands A and E use different ways to deal with the space character in the filename. The space character is a special character in Linux that separates words and commands. To prevent the shell from interpreting the space as a word separator, the commands A and E use either of the following methods34:
* Option A uses single quotes (') around the filename to preserve the literal value of the space character.
This tells the shell to treat the filename as a single argument and pass it to the cat command. For example: cat 'Texts 2.txt'
* Option E uses a backslash () before the space character to escape its special meaning. This tells the shell to ignore the space as a word separator and treat it as part of the filename. For example: cat Texts\ 2.txt The other options are incorrect because they use different syntax that do not output the content of the file. For example:
* Option B uses a double dash (-) before the filename to indicate the end of options. This is usually used to prevent the shell from interpreting a filename that starts with a dash (-) as an option. However, in this case, the filename does not start with a dash, so the double dash is unnecessary and will cause the command to fail. For example: cat - Texts 2.txt
* Option C uses vertical bars (|) around the filename to indicate a pipe. A pipe is a way of connecting the output of one command to the input of another command. However, in this case, there is no command before or after the pipe, so the pipe is meaningless and will cause the command to fail. For example: cat
|Texts 2.txt|
* Option D uses single quotes (') and a backslash () together around the filename. This is redundant and will cause the command to fail. The single quotes already preserve the literal value of the space character, so the backslash is not needed. Moreover, the backslash inside the single quotes will be treated as part of the filename, not as an escape character. For example: cat 'Texts\ 2.txt' References: 1: How to Use Linux Cat Command (With Examples) - phoenixNAP 2: Cat command in Linux with examples - GeeksforGeeks 3: How to escape spaces in path during scp copy in Linux? - Stack Overflow 4: How to handle spaces in file names when using xargs on find results? - Ask Ubuntu
NEW QUESTION # 43
What information is stored in /etc/passwd? (Choose three correct answers.)
- A. The numerical user ID
- B. The username
- C. The user\s default shell
- D. The user's storage space limit
- E. The encrypted password
Answer: A,B,C
Explanation:
The /etc/passwd file is a plain text-based database that contains information for all user accounts on the system. It is owned by root and has 644 permissions. The file can only be modified by root or users with sudo privileges and readable by all system users. Each line of the /etc/passwd file contains seven comma-separated fields, representing a user account. The fields are as follows:
Username: The string you type when you log into the system. Each username must be a unique string on the machine. The maximum length of the username is restricted to 32 characters.
Password: In older Linux systems, the user's encrypted password was stored in the /etc/passwd file. On most modern systems, this field is set to x, and the user password is stored in the /etc/shadow file.
User ID (UID): The user identifier is a number assigned to each user by the operating system to refer to a user. It is used by the kernel to check for the user privileges and grant access to system resources. The UID 0 is reserved for the root user and cannot be assigned to any other user.
Group ID (GID): The user's group identifier number, referring to the user's primary group. When a user creates a file, the file's group is set to this group. Typically, the name of the group is the same as the name of the user. User's secondary groups are listed in the /etc/group file.
User ID Info (GECOS): This is a comment field. This field contains a list of comma-separated values with the following information: User's full name or the application name, Room number, Work phone number, Home phone number, Other contact information.
Home directory: The absolute path to the user's home directory. It contains the user's files and configurations. By default, the user home directories are named after the name of the user and created under the /home directory.
Login shell: The absolute path to the user's login shell. This is the shell that is started when the user logs into the system. On most Linux distributions, the default login shell is Bash.
Therefore, the correct answers are B, C, and E. The user's storage space limit (A) is not stored in the /etc/passwd file, but in the /etc/quota file. The encrypted password (D) is not stored in the /etc/passwd file, but in the /etc/shadow file. Reference:
Linux Essentials Topic 104: The Linux Operating System, section 104.4: Runlevels and Boot Targets.
Linux Essentials Topic 106: Security and File Permissions, section 106.1: Basic security and identifying user types.
Linux Essentials Topic 106: Security and File Permissions, section 106.2: Creating users and groups.
Understanding the /etc/passwd File | Linuxize
Understanding the /etc/passwd File - GeeksforGeeks
passwd(5) - Linux manual page - man7.org
Understanding /etc/passwd file in Linux - DEV Community
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which of the following are typical services offered by public cloud providers? (Choose three.)
- A. Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
- B. Graphics as a Service (GaaS)
- C. Internet as a Service(IaaS)
- D. Software as a Service (SaaS)
- E. Platform as a Service(PaaS)
Answer: A,D,E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following programs is a graphical editor for vector graphics?
- A. Inkscape
- B. Python
- C. MySQL
- D. NGINX
- E. Samba
Answer: A
Explanation:
A vector graphics editor is a software program that allows users to create and edit vector graphics, which are images composed of mathematical curves and shapes. Vector graphics are scalable, meaning they can be resized without losing quality or clarity. Python, NGINX, Samba, and MySQL are not vector graphics editors, but rather other types of software. Python is a programming language, NGINX is a web server, Samba is a file and print server, and MySQL is a database management system. Inkscape is a free and open source vector graphics editor that supports the SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) format, as well as other formats. Inkscape can be used to create logos, icons, diagrams, illustrations, and other graphics. Inkscape is one of the applications covered in the Linux Essentials certification program from the Linux Professional Institute (LPI). Reference:
Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
Draw Freely | Inkscape
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which statements about the directory /etc/skel are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. The directory contains a default set of configuration files used by the useradd command.
- B. The directory contains the global settings for the Linux system.
- C. The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of a new user when the account is created.
- D. The personal user settings of root are stored in this directory.
- E. The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of the new user when starting the system.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Explanation
The /etc/skel directory is a skeleton directory that contains the default files and directories that are automatically copied to the home directory of a new user when the account is created by the useradd command12. The purpose of this directory is to provide a consistent and uniform environment for all new users and to save the system administrator's time and effort in configuring the user settings12. The /etc/skel directory can be customized by adding or removing files and directories as needed, depending on the desired default settings for the new users12.
The other options are incorrect because:
* A. The personal user settings of root are stored in this directory. This is not true, as the personal user settings of root are stored in the /root directory, which is the home directory of the root user3. The
/etc/skel directory does not affect the root user's settings, but only the settings of the new users created by the useradd command12.
* B. The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of the new user when starting the system. This is not true, as the files from the directory are copied to the home directory of the new user when the account is created, not when starting the system12. The copying process only happens once, when the useradd command is executed, and not every time the system is started12.
* E. The directory contains the global settings for the Linux system. This is not true, as the directory contains the default settings for the new users, not the global settings for theLinux system12. The global settings for the Linux system are usually stored in other directories under /etc, such as /etc/default,
/etc/sysconfig, /etc/init.d, etc4.
References:
* Understanding the /etc/skel directory in Linux - The Geek Diary
* /etc/skel directory in Linux - techPiezo
* Linux File System Hierarchy - /root directory - LinuxConfig.org
* Linux configuration: Understanding *.d directories in /etc | Enable Sysadmin
NEW QUESTION # 47
What is the return value of a shell script after successful execution?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
The return value of a shell script after successful execution is 0. This is a convention followed by most UNIX and Linux commands, programs, and utilities. A return value of 0 indicates that the command or script completed successfully, without any errors. A return value of non-zero (1-255) indicates that the command or script failed, and the value can be interpreted as an error code. The return value of a command or script is stored in the special variable $? and can be used to test the outcome of a command or script123. For example, the following script will print a message based on the return value of the ls command:
#!/bin/bash ls if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "ls command executed successfully" else echo "ls command failed" fi
NEW QUESTION # 48
The current directory contains the following file:
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 859688 Feb 7 08:15 test.sh
Given that the file is a valid shell script, how can this script be executed? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. ./test.sh
- B. bash test.sh
- C. ${test.sh}
- D. cmd ./test.sh
- E. run test.sh
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Explanation
A shell script is a file that contains a series of commands that can be executed by a shell interpreter. To execute a shell script, there are two main methods:
* Method 1: Specify the path to the script file. This method requires that the script file has the execute permission, which can be granted by using the chmod command. The script file also needs to have a shebang line at the beginning, which indicates which interpreter to use for the script. For example, #!/bin/bash means to use the bash interpreter. To execute the script using this method, you can type the absolute path or the relative path to the script file. If you are in the same directory as the script file, you can use the ./ prefix to indicate the current directory. For example,
./test.sh will execute the test.sh script in the current directory.
* Method 2: Pass the script file as an argument to the interpreter. This method does not require the execute permission or the shebang line for the script file. You can simply use the name of the interpreter followed by the script file name as an argument. For example, bash test.sh will execute the test.sh script using the bash interpreter.
Therefore, the correct answers are D and E. A. run test.sh is incorrect because run is not a valid command in Linux. B. ${test.sh} is incorrect because this syntax is used for variable expansion, not for executing a script. C. cmd ./test.sh is incorrect because cmd is not a valid command in Linux. References:
* Linux Essentials Topic 105: The Power of the Command Line, section 105.3: Basic shell scripting.
* How to Run a Shell Script in Linux [Essentials Explained] - It's FOSS
* How To Execute a Command with a Shell Script in Linux | DigitalOcean
* How To Run the .sh File Shell Script In Linux / UNIX
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following commands sets the variable USERNAME to the value bob?
- A. USERNAME<=bob
- B. $USERNAME==bob
- C. var USERNAME=bob
- D. set USERNAME bob
- E. USERNAME=bob
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct command to set the variable USERNAME to the value bob is USERNAME=bob. This command assigns the string bob to the variable name USERNAME, using the equal sign (=) as the assignment operator.
There is no space around the equal sign, and the variable name and value are case-sensitive. This command sets a shell variable, which is only valid in the current shell session. To make the variable an environment variable, which can be inherited by child processes and subshells, you need to use the export command, such as export USERNAME=bob. The other commands are not valid for setting variables in Linux. The set command is used to set orunset shell options and positional parameters, not variables. The $ sign is used to reference the value of a variable, not to assign it. The == sign is used for comparison, not assignment. The var keyword is not used in Linux, but in some other programming languages. The <= sign is used for redirection, not assignment. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
* How to Set and List Environment Variables in Linux | Linuxize
NEW QUESTION # 50
Which statements about the directory /etc/skel are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. The directory contains a default set of configuration files used by the useradd command.
- B. The directory contains the global settings for the Linux system.
- C. The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of a new user when the account is created.
- D. The personal user settings of root are stored in this directory.
- E. The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of the new user when starting the system.
Answer: A,C
NEW QUESTION # 51
What parameter of ls prints a recursive listing of a directory's content? (Specify ONLY the option name without any values or parameters.)
Answer:
Explanation:
lsR
NEW QUESTION # 52
What is the preferred source for the installation of new applications in a Linux based operating system?
- A. The vendor's version management system
- B. The vendor's website
- C. The distribution's package repository
- D. A CD-ROM disk
- E. A retail store
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which of the following commands extracts the contents of the compressed archive file1.tar.gz?
- A. tar -czf file1.tar.gz
- B. tar --extract file1.tar.gz
- C. tar -xzf file1.tar.gz
- D. detar file1.tar.gz
- E. ztar file1.tar.gz
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct command to extract the contents of the compressed archive file1.tar.gz is tar -xzf file1.tar.gz. This command uses the following options:
* -x means extract files from an archive.
* -z means filter the archive through gzip, which is a compression program that reduces the size of files.
* -f means use the following archive file name, which is file1.tar.gz in this case.
The other commands are incorrect for the following reasons:
* tar -czf file1.tar.gz creates a compressed archive file1.tar.gz from the files specified after the command, not extract it.
* ztar file1.tar.gz is not a valid command, as ztar is not a standard program or option for tar.
* tar --extract file1.tar.gz is missing the -z option to handle the gzip compression, and also the -f option to specify the file name.
* detar file1.tar.gz is not a valid command, as detar is not a standard program or option for tar.
References:
* Linux Essentials - Topic 106: The Linux Operating System, section 106.2 Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line.
* LPI Linux Essentials Study Guide: Exam 010 v1.6, 3rd Edition, Chapter 5: Working with Files and Directories, section Compressing and Archiving Files.
NEW QUESTION # 54
What is true about the owner of a file?
- A. When a user is deleted, all files owned by the user disappear.
- B. The owner of a file cannot be changed once it is assigned to an owner.
- C. Each file is owned by exactly one user and one group.
- D. The owner of a file always has full permissions when accessing the file.
- E. The user owning a file must be a member of the file's group.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 55
What is true about links in a Linux file system?
- A. A symbolic link can only point to a file and not to a directory.
- B. When the target of the symbolic link is moved, the link is automatically updated.
- C. Only the root user can create hard links.
- D. A symbolic link can point to a file on another file system.
- E. A hard link can only point to a directory and never to a file.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 56
......
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The Lpi 010-160 exam covers a wide range of topics, including the history and philosophy of Linux, open-source software, basic command-line operations, system administration, file management, and security. It also includes questions on hardware, software, and networking concepts that are essential for understanding Linux systems. 010-160 exam is intended to test the candidate's ability to apply their knowledge to real-world scenarios, making it a valuable certification for those who want to start a career in Linux system administration or support.
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