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  • 2023 Free Lpi 201-450 Exam Files Downloaded Instantly [Q29-Q54]

2023 Free Lpi 201-450 Exam Files Downloaded Instantly [Q29-Q54]

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2023 Free Lpi 201-450 Exam Files Downloaded Instantly

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Exam Syllabus

The highlights of the topics covered in the LPI 201-450 certification exam are as follows:

  • Filesystem & Devices

    The students should be capable of properly configuring and navigating the typical Linux filesystem. This topic also includes customizing and mounting different filesystem types. The applicants need to demonstrate their proficiency in maintaining a Linux filesystem with the help of system utilities as well as manipulating typical filesystems & monitoring SMART devices. Moreover, they should be able to customize automount filesystems with the help of AutoFS, create filesystems for devices such as CD-ROMs, and have the fundamental feature competency in encrypted filesystems.

  • System Startup

    Within this subject area, the individuals should be capable of querying and modifying the behaviour of system services at different run/targets levels. They should also have the ability to manipulate a Linux system throughout the boot process & recovery mode. Additionally, the learners need to be familiar with extra bootloaders as well as their main features.

  • Linux Kernel

    The examinees should have proficiency in using the kernel elements needed for specific system resources & requirements, hardware, as well as hardware drivers. In addition, they will have to demonstrate that they are capable of properly configuring a kernel to disable or include particular Linux kernel features as appropriate. The applicants should also be able to handle or/and query a 2.6.x, 3.x, or 4.x kernel as well as its loadable modules.

  • System Maintenance

    You should be capable of building and installing an executable program from the source as well as unpack a file of sources. You need to have proficiency in utilizing system devices to back up crucial system data. Moreover, you should possess the skills in notifying the users about the current issues related to the system.

 

NEW QUESTION 29
What component of a system does smartdmonitor?

  • A. Ethernet traffic
  • B. RAM
  • C. CPU
  • D. Hard drives

Answer: D

 

NEW QUESTION 30
Which single command simulates a failed device within a RAID 5 array?

  • A. mdadm /dev/md0 --offline /dev/sdc1
  • B. mdadm --remove /dev/md0 /dev/sdd1
  • C. mdadm --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1
  • D. mdadm --force-fault /dev/md2 /dev/sde2
  • E. mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdf3

Answer: C

 

NEW QUESTION 31
What should be done to ensure a client machine uses the recursive nameserver running on the IP address 192.168.0.1? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

  • A. Run ifconfig eth0 nameserver 192.168.0.1.
  • B. Add nameserver 192.168.0.1 to /etc/resolv.conf.
  • C. Run bind add nameserver 192.168.0.1.
  • D. Run route add nameserver 192.168.0.1.
  • E. Ensure that the dns service is listed in the hosts entry in the /etc/nsswitch.conf file.

Answer: B,E

 

NEW QUESTION 32
Which of the following terms are used to describe 3.x kernel releases? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

  • A. stable
  • B. final
  • C. prerelease
  • D. beta
  • E. longterm

Answer: A,E

 

NEW QUESTION 33
Which of the following commands shows capabilities and usable frequencies for the wireless interface wlan0?

  • A. iw phy pyh0 info
  • B. iw dev wlan0 show
  • C. iw phy wlan0 show
  • D. iw dev wlan0 info
  • E. iw phy0 show

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:

 

NEW QUESTION 34
Which of the following commands shows capabilities and usable frequencies for the wireless interface wlan0?

  • A. iw phy pyh0 info
  • B. iw dev wlan0 show
  • C. iw phy wlan0 show
  • D. iw dev wlan0 info
  • E. iw phy0 show

Answer: A

 

NEW QUESTION 35
Which command reports information on memory usage, paging and block input/output?

  • A. vmstat
  • B. memshow
  • C. pidof
  • D. free
  • E. lsof

Answer: A

 

NEW QUESTION 36
A Linux server is running in single user mode for regular maintenance. Which commands are used to restore the server to its usual runlevel? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

  • A. shutdown -r now
  • B. reboot
  • C. sync
  • D. telinit 0
  • E. shutdown -h now

Answer: A,B

 

NEW QUESTION 37
Which file in /proc contains information on the status of local software RAID devices?

  • A. /proc/mdstat
  • B. /proc/mdstatus
  • C. /proc/raidstatus
  • D. /proc/raid/status

Answer: A

 

NEW QUESTION 38
In this example output, which descriptions match the purpose of the free, buff and cache columns? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
# vmstat 1 100
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0

  • A. Used swap space
  • B. RAM used for buffers
  • C. Available free RAM
  • D. RAM available for filesystem buffers
  • E. RAM used for filesystem cache

Answer: B,C,E

 

NEW QUESTION 39
Which command can be used to scan a specified network looking for IP addresses that appear to be in use?

  • A. hostdiscover
  • B. ip
  • C. tcpdump
  • D. nmap
  • E. netscan

Answer: D

 

NEW QUESTION 40
Which of the following are common backup systems used in Linux? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

  • A. Bacula
  • B. BREWBackup
  • C. SARcheck
  • D. DrBackup
  • E. Amanda

Answer: A,E

 

NEW QUESTION 41
CORRECT TEXT
What command is used to send messages to all users currently logged in? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Answer:

Explanation:
wall

 

NEW QUESTION 42
Which of the following filter keywords for tcpdump specify the transfer direction for network packets? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

  • A. src or dst
  • B. dest
  • C. source
  • D. src
  • E. both

Answer: A,D

 

NEW QUESTION 43
On a server running the 3.4.50-11 Linux kernel, which file in the /boot directory contains the kernel configuration parameters?

  • A. config-linux-3.4.50-11
  • B. config-3.4.50-11
  • C. system-3.4.50-11
  • D. rc.config-3.4.50-11
  • E. vmlinuz-3.4.50-11

Answer: B

 

NEW QUESTION 44
The IDE hard drive /dev/hda does not have DMA enabled. Which command must be run to enable DMA on it?

  • A. hdparm -d 1 /dev/hda
  • B. hdparm -d /dev/hda
  • C. hdparm --dma /dev/hda1
  • D. hdparm -d /dev/hda1
  • E. hdparm --dma /dev/hda

Answer: A

 

NEW QUESTION 45
Which of the following is a side effect of extensive usage of swap space?

  • A. Since processes always exist completely in either RAM or swap, regular RAM may become unused if the kernel does not move processes back from the swap space to memory.
  • B. The root filesystem may become full because swap space is always located on the system root partition.
  • C. The overall system performance may degrade because of heavy hard disk use and memory reorganization.
  • D. Applications need to restart because their virtual memory addresses change to reflect memory relocation to the swap address area.
  • E. The memory may become fragmented and slow down the access to memory pages.
    However, this can be kept to a minimum by the regular use of memfrag -d.

Answer: C

 

NEW QUESTION 46
Which /etc/hosts.allow entries will permit access to sshd for users from the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

  • A. sshd : 192.168.1.
  • B. sshd : 192.168.1.0
  • C. sshd : 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
  • D. sshd : 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
  • E. sshd : 192.168.1

Answer: A,C

 

NEW QUESTION 47
Which one of these directories should not be backed up?

  • A. /opt
  • B. /etc
  • C. /var/log
  • D. /backup
  • E. /proc

Answer: E

 

NEW QUESTION 48
CORRECT TEXT
Which command turns an existing ext2 filesystem non-destructively into an ext3 filesystem? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Answer:

Explanation:
/sbin/tune2fs, tune2fs

 

NEW QUESTION 49
Where is the LILO boot loader code typically installed on a system with only a single Linux installation and no other operating systems?

  • A. At the start of the kernel.
  • B. In the master boot record.
  • C. In the boot sector.
  • D. In the /boot directory.

Answer: B

 

NEW QUESTION 50
What is the purpose of a system mount unit?

  • A. It is created by the command systemd-fstab-generator to integrate entries from /etc/fstab into the system boot process
  • B. It is used by the command mount when using system to mount and unmount file systems
  • C. It is used by the command systemd-mount and allows users to mount partitions to mount points of their choice
  • D. It is used only to mount network file systems to local mount points. It cannot be used for local media

Answer: C

 

NEW QUESTION 51
Which archive format is used to create an initramfs image?

  • A. bzip2
  • B. cpio
  • C. RAR
  • D. tar
  • E. gzip

Answer: B

 

NEW QUESTION 52
Fill in the blank.
The users of the local network complain that name resolution is not fast enough. Which command shows the time taken to resolve a DNS query? (Specify the command without path.)

Answer:

Explanation:
dig
Explanation/Reference:

 

NEW QUESTION 53
How can the label root be added to the ext2 filesystem on /dev/sda1?

  • A. echo 'root' > /proc/fs/sda1/label
  • B. relabel /dev/sda1 root
  • C. labelfs --device /dev/sda1 root
  • D. tune2fs -L root /dev/sda1

Answer: D

 

NEW QUESTION 54
......


LPI 201-450 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails

Capacity Planning

Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage

Weight: 6
Description: Candidates should be able to measure hardware resource and network bandwidth, identify and troubleshoot resource problems.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-Measure CPU usage
-Measure memory usage
-Measure disk I/O
-Measure network I/O
-Measure firewalling and routing throughput
- Map client bandwidth usage
-Match / correlate system symptoms with likely problems
-Estimate throughput and identify bottlenecks in a system including networking

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-iostat
-netstat
-w
-top
-sar
-processes blocked on I/O
-blocks out
-vmstat
-pstree, ps
-Isof
-uptime
- swap
-blocks in

Predict Future Resource Needs

Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to monitor resource usage to predict future resource needs.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-Use monitoring and measurement tools to monitor IT infrastructure usage.
-Predict capacity break point of a configuration
-Observe growth rate of capacity usage
-Graph the trend of capacity usage
-Awareness of monitoring solutions such as Icinga2, Nagios, collectd, MRTG and Cacti

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-diagnose
-predict growth
-resource exhaustion

Linux Kernel

Kernel Components

Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to utilize kernel components that are necessary to specific hardware, hardware drivers, system resources and requirements. This objective includes implementing different types of kernel images, identifying stable and development kernels and patches, as well as using kernel modules.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-Kernel 2.6.x, 3.x and 4.x documentation

Terms and Utilities:
-/usr/src/linux/
-/usr/src/linux/Documentation/
-zImage
-bzImage
-xz compression

Compiling a kernel

Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to properly configure a kernel to include or disable specific features of the Linux kernel as necessary. This objective includes compiling and recompiling the Linux kernel as needed, updating and noting changes in a new kernel, creating an initrd image and installing new kernels.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-/usr/src/linux/
-Kernel Makefiles
-Kernel 2.6.x/3.x make targets
-Customize the current kernel configuration.
-Build a new kernel and appropriate kernel modules.
-Install a new kernel and any modules.
-Ensure that the boot manager can locate the new kernel and associated files.
-Module configuration files
-Use DKMS to compile kernel modules.
-Awareness of dracut

Terms and Utilities:
-mkinitrd
-mkinitramfs
-make
-make targets (all, config, xconfig, menuconfig, gconfig, oldconfig, mrproper, zImage, bzImage, modules, modules_install, rpm-pkg, binrpm-pkg, deb-pkg)
-gzip
-bzip2
-module tools
-/usr/src/linux/.config
-/lib/modules/kernel-version/
-depmod
-dkms

Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting

Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to manage and/or query a 2.6.x, 3.x or 4.x kernel and its loadable modules. Candidates should be able to identify and correct common boot and run time issues. Candidates should understand device detection and management using udev. This objective includes troubleshooting udev rules.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-Use command-line utilities to get information about the currently running kernel and kernel modules
-Manually load and unload kernel modules
-Determine when modules can be unloaded
-Determine what parameters a module accepts
-Configure the system to load modules by names other than their file name.
-/proc filesystem
-Content of /, /boot/ , and /lib/modules/
-Tools and utilities to analyze information about the available hardware
-udev rules

Terms and Utilities:
-/lib/modules/kernel-version/modules.dep
-module configuration files in /etc/
-/proc/sys/kernel/
-/sbin/depmod
-/sbin/rmmod
-/sbin/modinfo
-/bin/dmesg
-/sbin/lspci
-/usr/bin/lsdev
-/sbin/lsmod
-/sbin/modprobe
-/sbin/insmod
-/bin/uname
-/usr/bin/lsusb
-/etc/sysctl.conf, /etc/sysctl.d/
-/sbin/sysctl
-udevmonitor
-udevadm monitor
-/etc/udev/

System Startup

Customizing SysV-init system startup

Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to query and modify the behaviour of system services at various targets / run levels. A thorough understanding of the systemd, SysV Init and the Linux boot process is required. This objective includes interacting with systemd targets and SysV init run levels.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-Systemd
-SysV init
-Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB)

Terms and Utilities:
-/usr/lib/systemd/
-/etc/systemd/
-/run/systemd/
-systemctl
-systemd-delta
-/etc/inittab
-/etc/init.d/
-/etc/rc.d/
-chkconfig
-update-rc.d
-init and telinit

System Recovery

Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to properly manipulate a Linux system during both the boot process and during recovery mode. This objective includes using both the init utility and init-related kernel options. Candidates should be able to determine the cause of errors in loading and usage of bootloaders. GRUB version 2 and GRUB Legacy are the bootloaders of interest. Both BIOS and UEFI systems are covered.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-BIOS and UEFI
-NVMe booting
-GRUB version 2 and Legacy
-grub shell
-boot loader start and hand off to kernel
-kernel loading
-hardware initialisation and setup
-daemon/service initialisation and setup
-Know the different boot loader install locations on a hard disk or removable device.
-Overwrite standard boot loader options and using boot loader shells.
-Use systemd rescue and emergency modes.

Terms and Utilities:
-mount
-fsck
-inittab, telinit and init with SysV init
-The contents of /boot/, /boot/grub/ and /boot/efi/
-EFI System Partition (ESP)
-GRUB
-grub-install
-efibootmgr
-UEFI shell
-initrd, initramfs
-Master boot record
-systemctl

Alternate Bootloaders

Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be aware of other bootloaders and their major features.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-SYSLINUX, ISOLINUX, PXELINUX
-Understanding of PXE for both BIOS and UEFI
-Awareness of systemd-boot and U-Boot

Terms and Utilities:
-syslinux
-extlinux
-isolinux.bin
-isolinux.cfg
-isohdpfx.bin
-efiboot.img
-pxelinux.0
-pxelinux.cfg/
-uefi/shim.efi
-uefi/grubx64.efi

Filesystem and Devices

Operating the Linux filesystem

Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to properly configure and navigate the standard Linux filesystem. This objective includes configuring and mounting various filesystem types.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-The concept of the fstab configuration
-Tools and utilities for handling swap partitions and files
-Use of UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems
-Understanding of systemd mount units

Terms and Utilities:
-/etc/fstab
-/etc/mtab
-/proc/mounts
-mount and umount
-blkid
-sync
-swapon
-swapoff

Maintaining a Linux filesystem​

Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to properly maintain a Linux filesystem using system utilities. This objective includes manipulating standard filesystems and monitoring SMART devices.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-Tools and utilities to manipulate and ext2, ext3 and ext4
-Tools and utilities to perform basic Btrfs operations, including subvolumes and snapshots
-Tools and utilities to manipulate XFS
-Awareness of ZFS

Terms and Utilities:
-mkfs (mkfs.*)
-mkswap
-fsck (fsck.*)
-tune2fs, dumpe2fs and debugfs
-btrfs, btrfs-convert
-xfs_info, xfs_check, xfs_repair, xfsdump and xfsrestore
-smartd, smartctl

Creating and configuring filesystem options

Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to configure automount filesystems using AutoFS. This objective includes configuring automount for network and device filesystems. Also included is creating filesystems for devices such as CD-ROMs and a basic feature knowledge of encrypted filesystems.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-autofs configuration files
-Understanding of automount units
-UDF and ISO9660 tools and utilities
-Awareness of other CD-ROM filesystems (HFS)
-Awareness of CD-ROM filesystem extensions (Joliet, Rock Ridge, El Torito)
-Basic feature knowledge of data encryption (dm-crypt / LUKS)

Terms and Utilities:
-/etc/auto.master
-/etc/auto.[dir]
-mkisofs
-cryptsetup

Advanced Storage Device Administration

Configuring RAID

Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to configure and implement software RAID. This objective includes using and configuring RAID 0, 1 and 5.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-Software raid configuration files and utilities

Terms and Utilities:
-mdadm.conf
-mdadm
-/proc/mdstat
-partition type 0xFD

Adjusting Storage Device Access

Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to configure kernel options to support various drives. This objective includes software tools to view & modify hard disk settings including iSCSI devices.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-Tools and utilities to configure DMA for IDE devices including ATAPI and SATA
-Tools and utilities to configure Solid State Drives including AHCI and NVMe
-Tools and utilities to manipulate or analyse system resources (e.g. interrupts)
-Awareness of sdparm command and its uses
-Tools and utilities for iSCSI
-Awareness of SAN, including relevant protocols (AoE, FCoE)

Terms and Utilities:
-hdparm, sdparm
-nvme
-tune2fs
-fstrim
-sysctl
-/dev/hd*, /dev/sd*, /dev/nvme*
-iscsiadm, scsi_id, iscsid and iscsid.conf
-WWID, WWN, LUN numbers

Logical Volume Manager

Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to create and remove logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes. This objective includes snapshots and resizing logical volumes.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-Tools in the LVM suite
-Resizing, renaming, creating, and removing logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes
-Creating and maintaining snapshots
-Activating volume groups

Terms and Utilities:
-/sbin/pv*
-/sbin/lv*
-/sbin/vg*
-mount
-/dev/mapper/
-lvm.conf


 

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