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ECCouncil 312-50v12 certification exam is a vendor-neutral certification, which means that it is not tied to a specific vendor or technology. This makes the certification more valuable as it demonstrates a broad understanding of cybersecurity concepts and principles. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification is recognized globally and is highly respected in the industry.
ECCouncil 312-50v12 Exam is based on the latest industry trends and techniques in ethical hacking, and covers a wide range of topics such as network security, web application security, cryptography, and social engineering. 312-50v12 exam is divided into multiple sections, each focusing on a specific area of cybersecurity. Candidates are required to demonstrate proficiency in each section in order to pass the exam and earn the certification.
ECCouncil 312-50v12 certification exam, also known as the Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) exam, is designed to test an individual’s knowledge and skills in ethical hacking and network security. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification is highly valued in the IT industry and is recognized globally as a benchmark in the field of cybersecurity. The 312-50v12 exam is the latest version of the CEH certification and is designed to ensure that candidates have the latest knowledge and skills required to protect organizations from cyber threats.
NEW QUESTION # 146
Don, a student, came across a gaming app in a third-party app store and Installed it. Subsequently, all the legitimate apps in his smartphone were replaced by deceptive applications that appeared legitimate. He also received many advertisements on his smartphone after Installing the app. What is the attack performed on Don in the above scenario?
- A. Clickjacking
- B. SIM card attack
- C. Agent Smith attack
- D. SMS phishing attack
Answer: C
Explanation:
Agent Smith Attack
Agent Smith attacks are carried out by luring victims into downloading and installing malicious apps designed and published by attackers in the form of games, photo editors, or other attractive tools from third-party app stores such as 9Apps. Once the user has installed the app, the core malicious code inside the application infects or replaces the legitimate apps in the victim's mobile device C&C commands. The deceptive application replaces legitimate apps such as WhatsApp, SHAREit, and MX Player with similar infected versions. The application sometimes also appears to be an authentic Google product such as Google Updater or Themes. The attacker then produces a massive volume of irrelevant and fraudulent advertisements on the victim's device through the infected app for financial gain. Attackers exploit these apps to steal critical information such as personal information, credentials, and bank details, from the victim's mobile device through C&C commands.
NEW QUESTION # 147
What is the least important information when you analyze a public IP address in a security alert?
- A. ARP
- B. Geolocation
- C. Whois
- D. DNS
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 148
Attempting an injection attack on a web server based on responses to True/False
- A. Classic SQLi
- B. Blind SQLi
- C. DMS-specific SQLi
- D. Compound SQLi
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_injection#Blind_SQL_injection
Blind SQL injection is used when a web application is vulnerable to an SQL injection but the results of the injection are not visible to the attacker. The page with the vulnerability may not be one that displays data but will display differently depending on the results of a logical statement injected into the legitimate SQL statement called for that page. This type of attack has traditionally been considered time-intensive because a new statement needed to be crafted for each bit recovered, and depending on its structure, the attack may consist of many unsuccessful requests. Recent advancements have allowed each request to recover multiple bits, with no unsuccessful requests, allowing for more consistent and efficient extraction.
NEW QUESTION # 149
Jane is working as a security professional at CyberSol Inc. She was tasked with ensuring the authentication and integrity of messages being transmitted in the corporate network. To encrypt the messages, she implemented a security model in which every user in the network maintains a ring of public keys. In this model, a user needs to encrypt a message using the receiver's public key, and only the receiver can decrypt the message using their private key. What is the security model implemented by Jane to secure corporate messages?
- A. Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- B. Web of trust (WOT)
- C. Zero trust network
- D. Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 150
Calvin, a grey-hat hacker, targets a web application that has design flaws in its authentication mechanism. He enumerates usernames from the login form of the web application, which requests users to feed data and specifies the incorrect field in case of invalid credentials. Later, Calvin uses this information to perform social engineering.
Which of the following design flaws in the authentication mechanism is exploited by Calvin?
- A. Password reset mechanism
- B. Verbose failure messages
- C. User impersonation
- D. Insecure transmission of credentials
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 151
Which of the following LM hashes represent a password of less than 8 characters? (Choose two.)
- A. E52CAC67419A9A224A3B108F3FA6CB6D
- B. BA810DBA98995F1817306D272A9441BB
- C. 44EFCE164AB921CQAAD3B435B51404EE
- D. B757BF5C0D87772FAAD3B435B51404EE
- E. CEC52EB9C8E3455DC2265B23734E0DAC
- F. 0182BD0BD4444BF836077A718CCDF409
Answer: C,D
NEW QUESTION # 152
A user on your Windows 2000 network has discovered that he can use L0phtcrack to sniff the SMB exchanges which carry user logons. The user is plugged into a hub with 23 other systems.
However, he is unable to capture any logons though he knows that other users are logging in.
What do you think is the most likely reason behind this?
- A. Windows logons cannot be sniffed.
- B. Kerberos is preventing it.
- C. There is a NIDS present on that segment.
- D. L0phtcrack only sniffs logons to web servers.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 153
What would be the purpose of running "wget 192.168.0.15 -q -S" against a web server?
- A. Using wget to perform banner grabbing on the webserver
- B. Downloading all the contents of the web page locally for further examination
- C. Flooding the web server with requests to perform a DoS attack
- D. Performing content enumeration on the web server to discover hidden folders
Answer: A
Explanation:
-q, --quiet quiet (no output)
-S, --server-response print server response
NEW QUESTION # 154
A security analyst is performing an audit on the network to determine if there are any deviations from the security policies in place. The analyst discovers that a user from the IT department had a dial-out modem installed.
Which security policy must the security analyst check to see if dial-out modems are allowed?
- A. Remote-access policy
- B. Acceptable-use policy
- C. Permissive policy
- D. Firewall-management policy
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 155
What is the common name for a vulnerability disclosure program opened by companies In platforms such as HackerOne?
- A. Vulnerability hunting program
- B. Ethical hacking program
- C. White-hat hacking program
- D. Bug bounty program
Answer: D
Explanation:
Bug bounty programs allow independent security researchers to report bugs to an companies and receive rewards or compensation. These bugs area unit sometimes security exploits and vulnerabilities, although they will additionally embody method problems, hardware flaws, and so on.
The reports area unit usually created through a program travel by associate degree freelance third party (like Bugcrowd or HackerOne). The companies can got wind of (and run) a program curated to the organization's wants.
Programs is also non-public (invite-only) wherever reports area unit unbroken confidential to the organization or public (where anyone will sign in and join). they will happen over a collection timeframe or with without stopping date (though the second possibility is a lot of common).
Who uses bug bounty programs?
Many major organizations use bug bounties as an area of their security program, together with AOL, Android, Apple, Digital Ocean, and goldman Sachs. you'll read an inventory of all the programs offered by major bug bounty suppliers, Bugcrowd and HackerOne, at these links.
Why do corporations use bug bounty programs?
Bug bounty programs provide corporations the flexibility to harness an outsized cluster of hackers so as to seek out bugs in their code.
This gives them access to a bigger variety of hackers or testers than they'd be able to access on a one-on-one basis. It {can also|also will|can even|may also|may} increase the probabilities that bugs area unit found and reported to them before malicious hackers can exploit them.
It may also be an honest publicity alternative for a firm. As bug bounties became a lot of common, having a bug bounty program will signal to the general public and even regulators that a corporation incorporates a mature security program.
This trend is likely to continue, as some have began to see bug bounty programs as an business normal that all companies ought to invest in.
Why do researchers and hackers participate in bug bounty programs?
Finding and news bugs via a bug bounty program may end up in each money bonuses and recognition. In some cases, it will be a good thanks to show real-world expertise once you are looking for employment, or will even facilitate introduce you to parents on the protection team within an companies.
This can be full time income for a few of us, income to supplement employment, or the way to point out off your skills and find a full time job.
It may also be fun! it is a nice (legal) probability to check out your skills against huge companies and government agencies.
What area unit the disadvantages of a bug bounty program for independent researchers and hackers?
A lot of hackers participate in these varieties of programs, and it will be tough to form a major quantity of cash on the platform.
In order to say the reward, the hacker has to be the primary person to submit the bug to the program. meaning that in apply, you may pay weeks searching for a bug to use, solely to be the person to report it and build no cash.
Roughly ninety seven of participants on major bug bounty platforms haven't sold-out a bug.
In fact, a 2019 report from HackerOne confirmed that out of quite three hundred,000 registered users, solely around two.5% received a bounty in their time on the platform.
Essentially, most hackers are not creating a lot of cash on these platforms, and really few square measure creating enough to switch a full time wage (plus they do not have advantages like vacation days, insurance, and retirement planning).
What square measure the disadvantages of bug bounty programs for organizations?
These programs square measure solely helpful if the program ends up in the companies realizeing issues that they weren't able to find themselves (and if they'll fix those problems)!
If the companies is not mature enough to be able to quickly rectify known problems, a bug bounty program is not the right alternative for his or her companies.
Also, any bug bounty program is probably going to draw in an outsized range of submissions, several of which can not be high-quality submissions. a corporation must be ready to cope with the exaggerated volume of alerts, and also the risk of a coffee signal to noise magnitude relation (essentially that it's probably that they're going to receive quite few unhelpful reports for each useful report).
Additionally, if the program does not attract enough participants (or participants with the incorrect talent set, and so participants are not able to establish any bugs), the program is not useful for the companies.
The overwhelming majority of bug bounty participants consider web site vulnerabilities (72%, per HackerOn), whereas solely a number of (3.5%) value more highly to seek for package vulnerabilities.
This is probably because of the actual fact that hacking in operation systems (like network hardware and memory) needs a big quantity of extremely specialised experience. this implies that firms may even see vital come on investment for bug bounties on websites, and not for alternative applications, notably those that need specialised experience.
This conjointly implies that organizations which require to look at AN application or web site among a selected time-frame may not need to rely on a bug bounty as there is no guarantee of once or if they receive reports.
Finally, it are often probably risky to permit freelance researchers to try to penetrate your network. this could end in public speech act of bugs, inflicting name harm within the limelight (which could end in individuals not eager to purchase the organizations' product or service), or speech act of bugs to additional malicious third parties, United Nations agency may use this data to focus on the organization.
NEW QUESTION # 156
During the enumeration phase. Lawrence performs banner grabbing to obtain information such as OS details and versions of services running. The service that he enumerated runs directly on TCP port 445.
Which of the following services is enumerated by Lawrence in this scenario?
- A. Server Message Block (SMB)
- B. Network File System (NFS)
- C. Remote procedure call (RPC)
- D. Telnet
Answer: A
Explanation:
Worker Message Block (SMB) is an organization document sharing and information texture convention. SMB is utilized by billions of gadgets in a different arrangement of working frameworks, including Windows, MacOS, iOS , Linux, and Android. Customers use SMB to get to information on workers. This permits sharing of records, unified information the board, and brought down capacity limit needs for cell phones. Workers additionally use SMB as a feature of the Software-characterized Data Center for outstanding burdens like grouping and replication.
Since SMB is a far off record framework, it requires security from assaults where a Windows PC may be fooled into reaching a pernicious worker running inside a confided in organization or to a far off worker outside the organization edge. Firewall best practices and arrangements can upgrade security keeping malevolent traffic from leaving the PC or its organization.
For Windows customers and workers that don't have SMB shares, you can obstruct all inbound SMB traffic utilizing the Windows Defender Firewall to keep far off associations from malignant or bargained gadgets. In the Windows Defender Firewall, this incorporates the accompanying inbound principles.
You should also create a new blocking rule to override any other inbound firewall rules. Use the following suggested settings for any Windows clients or servers that do not host SMB Shares:
Name: Block all inbound SMB 445
Description: Blocks all inbound SMB TCP 445 traffic. Not to be applied to domain controllers or computers that host SMB shares.
Action: Block the connection
Programs: All
Remote Computers: Any
Protocol Type: TCP
Local Port: 445
Remote Port: Any
Profiles: All
Scope (Local IP Address): Any
Scope (Remote IP Address): Any
Edge Traversal: Block edge traversal
You must not globally block inbound SMB traffic to domain controllers or file servers. However, you can restrict access to them from trusted IP ranges and devices to lower their attack surface. They should also be restricted to Domain or Private firewall profiles and not allow Guest/Public traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 157
Which type of sniffing technique is generally referred as MiTM attack?
- A. Mac Flooding
- B. DHCP Sniffing
- C. Password Sniffing
- D. ARP Poisoning
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 158
Tony is a penetration tester tasked with performing a penetration test. After gaining initial access to a target system, he finds a list of hashed passwords.
Which of the following tools would not be useful for cracking the hashed passwords?
- A. netcat
- B. THC-Hydra
- C. Hashcat
- D. John the Ripper
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 159
In both pharming and phishing attacks, an attacker can create websites that look similar to legitimate sites with the intent of collecting personal identifiable information from its victims.
What is the difference between pharming and phishing attacks?
- A. In a pharming attack, a victim is redirected to a fake website by modifying their host configuration file or by exploiting vulnerabilities in DNS. In a phishing attack, an attacker provides the victim with a URL that is either misspelled or looks similar to the actual websites domain name
- B. In a phishing attack, a victim is redirected to a fake website by modifying their host configuration file or by exploiting vulnerabilities in DNS. In a pharming attack, an attacker provides the victim with a URL that is either misspelled or looks very similar to the actual websites domain name
- C. Both pharming and phishing attacks are identical
- D. Both pharming and phishing attacks are purely technical and are not considered forms of social engineering
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 160
Bob, your senior colleague, has sent you a mail regarding a deal with one of the clients. You are requested to accept the offer and you oblige. After 2 days. Bob denies that he had ever sent a mail. What do you want to ""know"" to prove yourself that it was Bob who had send a mail?
- A. Non-Repudiation
- B. Integrity
- C. Confidentiality
- D. Authentication
Answer: A
Explanation:
Non-repudiation is the assurance that someone cannot deny the validity of something. Non-repudiation is a legal concept that is widely used in information security and refers to a service, which provides proof of the origin of data and the integrity of the data. In other words, non-repudiation makes it very difficult to successfully deny who/where a message came from as well as the authenticity and integrity of that message.
NEW QUESTION # 161
Daniel Is a professional hacker who Is attempting to perform an SQL injection attack on a target website. www.movlescope.com. During this process, he encountered an IDS that detects SQL Injection attempts based on predefined signatures. To evade any comparison statement, he attempted placing characters such as ''or '1'='1" In any bask injection statement such as "or 1=1." Identify the evasion technique used by Daniel in the above scenario.
- A. Null byte
- B. IP fragmentation
- C. Variation
- D. Char encoding
Answer: C
Explanation:
One may append the comment "-" operator along with the String for the username and whole avoid executing the password segment of the SQL query. Everything when the - operator would be considered as comment and not dead.
To launch such an attack, the value passed for name could be 'OR '1'='1' ; - Statement = "SELECT * FROM 'CustomerDB' WHERE 'name' = ' "+ userName + " ' AND 'password' = ' " + passwd + " ' ; " Statement = "SELECT * FROM 'CustomerDB' WHERE 'name' = ' ' OR '1'='1';- + " ' AND 'password' = ' " + passwd + " ' ; " All the records from the customer database would be listed.
Yet, another variation of the SQL Injection Attack can be conducted in dbms systems that allow multiple SQL injection statements. Here, we will also create use of the vulnerability in sure dbms whereby a user provided field isn't strongly used in or isn't checked for sort constraints.
This could take place once a numeric field is to be employed in a SQL statement; but, the programmer makes no checks to validate that the user supplied input is numeric.
Variation is an evasion technique whereby the attacker can easily evade any comparison statement. The attacker does this by placing characters such as "' or '1'='1'" in any basic injection statement such as "or 1=1" or with other accepted SQL comments.
Evasion Technique: Variation Variation is an evasion technique whereby the attacker can easily evade any comparison statement. The attacker does this by placing characters such as "' or '1'='1'" in any basic injection statement such as "or 1=1" or with other accepted SQL comments. The SQL interprets this as a comparison between two strings or characters instead of two numeric values. As the evaluation of two strings yields a true statement, similarly, the evaluation of two numeric values yields a true statement, thus rendering the evaluation of the complete query unaffected. It is also possible to write many other signatures; thus, there are infinite possibilities of variation as well. The main aim of the attacker is to have a WHERE statement that is always evaluated as "true" so that any mathematical or string comparison can be used, where the SQL can perform the same.
NEW QUESTION # 162
You are tasked to configure the DHCP server to lease the last 100 usable IP addresses in subnet to. 1.4.0/23. Which of the following IP addresses could be teased as a result of the new configuration?
- A. 210.1.55.200
- B. 10.1.4.254
- C. 10.1.4.156
- D. 10..1.5.200
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 163
Chandler works as a pen-tester in an IT-firm in New York. As a part of detecting viruses in the systems, he uses a detection method where the anti-virus executes the malicious codes on a virtual machine to simulate CPU and memory activities. Which type of virus detection method did Chandler use in this context?
- A. Code Emulation
- B. Integrity checking
- C. Heuristic Analysis
- D. Scanning
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 164
Lewis, a professional hacker, targeted the loT cameras and devices used by a target venture-capital firm. He used an information-gathering tool to collect information about the loT devices connected to a network, open ports and services, and the attack surface are a. Using this tool, he also generated statistical reports on broad usage patterns and trends. This tool helped Lewis continually monitor every reachable server and device on the Internet, further allowing him to exploit these devices in the network. Which of the following tools was employed by Lewis in the above scenario?
- A. Wapiti
- B. Censys
- C. NeuVector
- D. Lacework
Answer: B
Explanation:
Censys scans help the scientific community accurately study the Internet. The data is sometimes used to detect security problems and to inform operators of vulnerable systems so that they can fixed
NEW QUESTION # 165
The collection of potentially actionable, overt, and publicly available information is known as
- A. Real intelligence
- B. Social intelligence
- C. Human intelligence
- D. Open-source intelligence
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 166
You want to analyze packets on your wireless network. Which program would you use?
- A. Wireshark with Airpcap
- B. Ethereal with Winpcap
- C. Airsnort with Airpcap
- D. Wireshark with Winpcap
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 167
A company's policy requires employees to perform file transfers using protocols which encrypt traffic. You suspect some employees are still performing file transfers using unencrypted protocols because the employees do not like changes. You have positioned a network sniffer to capture traffic from the laptops used by employees in the data ingest department. Using Wireshark to examine the captured traffic, which command can be used as display filter to find unencrypted file transfers?
- A. tcp.port = = 21
- B. tcp.port = = 21 | | tcp.port = =22
- C. tcp.port ! = 21
- D. tcp.port = 23
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 168
A DDOS attack is performed at layer 7 to take down web infrastructure. Partial HTTP requests are sent to the web infrastructure or applications. Upon receiving a partial request, the target servers opens multiple connections and keeps waiting for the requests to complete.
Which attack is being described here?
- A. Session splicing
- B. Desynchronization
- C. Slowloris attack
- D. Phlashing
Answer: C
Explanation:
Developed by Robert "RSnake" Hansen, Slowloris is DDoS attack software that permits one computer to require down an internet server. Due the straightforward yet elegant nature of this attack, it requires minimal bandwidth to implement and affects the target server's web server only, with almost no side effects on other services and ports. Slowloris has proven highly-effective against many popular sorts of web server software, including Apache 1.x and 2.x. Over the years, Slowloris has been credited with variety of high-profile server takedowns. Notably, it had been used extensively by Iranian 'hackivists' following the 2009 Iranian presidential election to attack Iranian government internet sites . Slowloris works by opening multiple connections to the targeted web server and keeping them open as long as possible. It does this by continuously sending partial HTTP requests, none of which are ever completed. The attacked servers open more and connections open, expecting each of the attack requests to be completed. Periodically, the Slowloris sends subsequent HTTP headers for every request, but never actually completes the request. Ultimately, the targeted server's maximum concurrent connection pool is filled, and extra (legitimate) connection attempts are denied. By sending partial, as against malformed, packets, Slowloris can easily elapse traditional Intrusion Detection systems. Named after a kind of slow-moving Asian primate, Slowloris really does win the race by moving slowly and steadily. A Slowloris attack must await sockets to be released by legitimate requests before consuming them one by one. For a high-volume internet site , this will take a while . the method are often further slowed if legitimate sessions are reinitiated. But within the end, if the attack is unmitigated, Slowloris-like the tortoise-wins the race. If undetected or unmitigated, Slowloris attacks also can last for long periods of your time . When attacked sockets outing , Slowloris simply reinitiates the connections, continuing to reach the online server until mitigated. Designed for stealth also as efficacy, Slowloris are often modified to send different host headers within the event that a virtual host is targeted, and logs are stored separately for every virtual host. More importantly, within the course of an attack, Slowloris are often set to suppress log file creation. this suggests the attack can catch unmonitored servers off-guard, with none red flags appearing in log file entries. Methods of mitigation Imperva's security services are enabled by reverse proxy technology, used for inspection of all incoming requests on their thanks to the clients' servers. Imperva's secured proxy won't forward any partial connection requests-rendering all Slowloris DDoS attack attempts completely and utterly useless.
NEW QUESTION # 169
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